Iingcingo kunye nezixhobo zekhebula zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo zokuqhuba, izinto zokukhusela, izinto ezikhuselayo, izinto zokukhusela, izinto zokuzalisa kunye nokunye ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo kunye nemisebenzi yazo.Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, zinokwahlulwa zibe yintsimbi (ubhedu, i-aluminium, i-aluminium alloy, intsimbi), iplastiki (i-PVC, i-PE, i-PP, i-XLPE / XL-PVC, i-PU, i-TPE / PO), i-rubber, njl. kwezi zinto ziqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezininzi.Ngokukodwa izixhobo ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyethylene, nje ukuba utshintsho lwenxalenye yefomula lunokusetyenziswa kwi-insulation okanye i-sheath.

Emva koko, sazisa i-non-metallic wire kunye ne-cable materials ekrwada

Enye, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

I-PVC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-insulation kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela.I-PVC njengocingo kunye nokusebenza kwentambo yokufakela: akukho lula ukutshisa, ukuxhathisa ukuguga, ukuxhathisa ioli, ukuxhathisa imichiza, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, umbala olula;Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-dielectric, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kuphela njengesixhobo sokufakelwa kwentambo ye-low-voltage kunye nentambo yokulawula.

I-PVC njengocingo kunye nokusebenza kwe-cable sheath: ngokuxhathisa kakuhle, ukuchasana neoli, i-asidi, i-alkali, ibhaktheriya, ukufuma kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, kunye nesenzo somlilo sinomsebenzi wokuzicima;I-PVC sheath inobushushu obuncinci bokusebenza kwe--40 ° C kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-105 ° C.

Isibini, i-polyethylene (PE)

Iimpawu ze-PE jikelele zomzimba: i-waxy emhlophe, i-translucent, ithambile kwaye inzima, iyakwazi ukolula kancinci, ilula kunamanzi, ayinayo ityhefu;Iimpawu zokutsha: ukutsha, ukusuka emlilweni ukuya kuqhubeka nokuvutha, isiphelo esiphezulu sedangatye sibe tyheli kwaye isiphelo esisezantsi sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukunyibilika kuthontsiza xa kutshisa, kukhuphe ivumba lokutsha kweparafini;Uluhlu lwendawo yokunyibilika yePolyethylene yi-132 ~ 1350C, ubushushu bomlilo yi-3400C, ubushushu bokutshisa obuzenzekelayo yi-3900C.

I-Polyethylene (PE) ihlulwe ngokubanzi ibe yi-LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, FMPE iindidi ezininzi.

I-1, i-LDPE: i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi lolona luhlu lulula kakhulu lwe-polyethylene, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene ephantsi koxinzelelo, iimpawu zesakhiwo azikho mgca, ine-crystallinity ephantsi kunye nendawo yokuthambisa, inokuguquguquka okungcono, ukunyusa, ukugquma kombane, ukukhanya, kunye amandla empembelelo ephezulu.I-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi lunamandla omatshini asezantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kwaye, ukongeza, ubuthathaka obucacileyo kukuchasana okungalunganga kokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwendalo.

I-2, i-MDPE: i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphakathi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye ne-Philip polyethylene, ukusebenza kwayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-polyethylene isigaba se-nuo, i-factory ayisasetyenziswa, ayichazwanga apha.

I-3, i-HDPE, i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphezulu kunye ne-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo obanzi, njengokuphucula ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye namandla omatshini, njengobude be-tensile, amandla okugoba, amandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla okucheba), kunye kuphuculwe umphunga wamanzi kunye neempawu zokuthintela igesi, ukuchasana noxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kuphezulu.

I-4, i-FMPE: i-PE ene-foam iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-foam, isebenzisa i-polyethylene yekhemikhali ene-foam, i-dielectric constant yayo ingancitshiswa ibe malunga ne-1.55.Ukuba iteknoloji entsha yokwamkela amagwebu emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, xa extrusion kwirhasi engasebenziyo (nitrogen okanye umoya) kwi foam polyethylene etyhidiweyo, ubungakanani obuncinane amaqamza inokufumaneka polyethylene amagwebu, iqondo ugwebu inokulawulwa phakathi 35-40 %, ngaphezu kwe-40% ye-Zhui, ukuguquguquka kwayo kwe-dielectric kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kwi-1.20 okanye kunjalo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-agent ayisebenzisi i-agent ye-foaming, i-insulation ayiqukethe intsalela ye-ejenti enogwebu, kwaye ilahleko ye-dielectric inokunciphisa kakhulu, ethe yafikelela. inqanaba lokugquma umoya.

I-Polyethylene inokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokufakelwa kombane kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano lwentambo yonxibelelwano.Ukuze kuphuculwe izibonakaliso zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho kwiintambo zonxibelelwano, i-polyethylene ye-foam isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, ngaphezu kokusetyenziswa kwe-XPE, unokukhetha kwakhona isalathisi sokunyibilika se-PE encinci.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuncinci ubunzima be-molecular (eyona nto iphakamileyo i-melting index), imbi ngakumbi ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwendalo.Isalathisi esinyibilikayo esingaphantsi kwe-0.4 sinokuphepha ngokusisiseko ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwendalo.Ubuninzi be-0.950, isalathiso sokunyibilika kweentlobo ezincinci, eyona nto ixhathisayo kwingcinezelo yokusingqongileyo.Ukuba ubuninzi bukhulu kune-0.95, ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuxinwa okuphantsi kunye nesalathisi esifanayo sokunyibilika kungcono kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kwe-HDPE kaninzi kunoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olushiyekileyo, ekufuneka lunikwe ingqalelo kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa.

Ukuxuba i-PE kunye ne-EVA kwinqanaba elithile kunokuphucula ukuchithwa kwengcinezelo yendalo;Ukuxuba kunye nePP kunokuphucula ubulukhuni;Ixutywe ne-PE yobuninzi obuhlukeneyo, inokulungelelanisa ukuthamba kunye nobunzima bayo.

I-ethylene - i-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)

I-EVA luhlobo lwe-thermoplastic ene-elastic efana ne-rubber ye-nuo, ukusebenza kwayo kunye nomxholo we-vinyl acetate (VA) inobudlelwane obukhulu: i-VA encinci ifana ne-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ngakumbi i-VA ifana nerabha.I-EVA nuo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-polyethylene enomxholo ophantsi we-VA, amandla athambileyo kunye nefuthe elihle, elilungele ukuvelisa izinto ezidibeneyo.

I-EVA ine-elasticity elungileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye ne-LDPE copolymerization, inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka kokusingqongileyo kwe-LDPE, ukuchasana kwempembelelo, ubulukhuni kunye nokunamathela phakathi komqhubi kunye nokugquma.

ITetrapolypropylene (PP)

Ubunzima obuthile bepolypropylene yi-0.89 ukuya kwi-0.91, eyona nto incinci kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo.Inamandla abalaseleyo angoomatshini, elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu lokuthambisa kwiresin ye-thermoplastic, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala.Kuphela ukuchasana kokujikeleza okubonakalayo kuncinci, kodwa kunokuphuculwa ngokucocwa nge-copolymerization kunye nezinzisi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-polypropylene: Ukubonakala kwe-PP kufana kakhulu ne-HDPE, i-waxy emhlophe eqinile, ecacileyo ngakumbi kune-PE, engeyona inetyhefu, evuthayo kwaye iya kuqhubeka ivutha emva komlilo, kwaye ikhulule iphunga le-petroleum nuo.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene inezi mpawu zilandelayo:

I-1, ukuqina komphezulu we-PP kuphezulu kune-PE, ukuxhathisa kunye nokukwazi ukugoba ukugoba kuhle kakhulu, ngoko ke i-PP yaziwa ngokuba "yiplastiki ephantsi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu".

I-2, i-PP ingcono kune-PE enye i-advanteji phantse akukho nto yokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo, i-PP inokuchasana okugqwesileyo kuxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqheleka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo semolekyuli yePP, ukusebenza kwayo kwempembelelo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bumbi kakhulu.

I-3, ukusebenza kombane wokufakelwa kombane wePP: I-PP yinto engekho-polar, ngoko kukho ukufakelwa kombane okulungileyo.

I-insulation yayo yombane ifana ne-LDPE, kwaye ayitshintshi kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaza.Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo obuphantsi kakhulu, i-dielectric constant incinci kune-LDPE (ε = 2.0 ~ 2.5), ilahleko ye-dielectric I-Angle tangent yi-0.0005 ~ 0.001, ukuxhathisa umthamo we-1014 ω.M, amandla entsimi yokuqhekeka nawo aphezulu kakhulu, 30MV/m;Ukongeza, ukufunxwa kwamanzi kuncinci kakhulu, ke iPP ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma rhoqo.

Izinto ezintlanu zepolyester

Olu hlobo lwemathiriyeli luphawulwa ngemodyuli ephezulu, ukuchasana nokukrazuka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kunye ne-lag ephantsi, umda ophezulu wobushushu obusebenzayo yi-1500C, kakhulu kunenye irabha ye-thermoplastic, kodwa ikwanokumelana ne-oyile okugqwesileyo, ukumelana ne-solvent. iimpawu.