isicelo

Umbhobho oqinileyo wePVC kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho yindlela yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiimveliso ezininzi zePVC kwilizwe lethu, kwaye ikwayeyona ndlela inkulu yokusetyenziswa kombhobho weplastiki.Emva kokupapashwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kombhobho wePVC kwilizwe lethu kwiminyaka yamuva, ngokukodwa ukuxhaswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe echaphazelekayo, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho wePVC wenze uphuhliso olukhulu.Ukuveliswa kombhobho wePVC kubangele ngaphezu kwe-50% yemveliso epheleleyo yombhobho weplastiki.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi, afana neshishini, ulwakhiwo, ezolimo njalo njalo.

Ukuphuhliswa kombhobho wePVC

1. Izinto eziluncedo zombhobho wePVC

Kwimveliso ye-resin yendalo yonke, i-resin ye-PVC inokusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene ephantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene ngetoni nganye ye-PVC kwimveliso yasekhaya yi-0.5314 yeetoni, kunye ne-avareji yokusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene ngetoni ye-polyethylene yi-1.042 yeetoni.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene ngetoni ye-PVC ye-resin e-China malunga ne-50% ngaphantsi kwe-polyethylene.Igesi yeklorini ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwePVC yindlela ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ukuveliswa kwe-caustic soda ukuvelisa igesi yeklorine.I-Caustic soda yimathiriyeli ekrwada ebaluleke kakhulu eyimfuneko kuqoqosho lwesizwe.Ukongeza, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iimveliso zeplastiki, i-PVC inokuhambelana kakuhle kunye nabancedisi abahlukeneyo, kwaye inani elikhulu lokuzaliswa kwexabiso elincinci lingadityaniswa kwimveliso yeepayipi, ukwenzela ukuba iindleko zokuvelisa zincitshiswe kakhulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yesinyithi, ukuveliswa kombhobho wePVC ngecubic meter nganye ye-PVC kunye nemveliso kwi-cubic meter yensimbi kunye ne-aluminium yokubala, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla entsimbi yi-316KJ / m3, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-aluminium yi-619KJ / m3, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-PVC yi-70KJ / m3, oko kukuthi. , Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ensimbi ngamaxesha angama-4.5 ePVC, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-aluminium ngamaxesha angama-8.8 ePVC.Kwaye ukuveliswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kombhobho we-PVC sisinye kwisithathu sombhobho wentsimbi wecaliber efanayo.Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yodonga olugudileyo lombhobho we-PVC, akukho thumba lokubola, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, ukunyuswa kunokonga malunga ne-20% yombane.

Umbhobho wePVC uneempawu ezintle zoomatshini, kwaye unokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ubunzima obulula kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ukufakwa ngokulula, akufuneki ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kumbhobho wogutyulo lobunjineli boluntu, kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa ngenxa yokubola lula, kufuneka isoloko iqatywe ngepeyinti, iindleko eziphezulu zokulondoloza.Ukwakhiwa ngokubanzi kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu kunye nemibhobho yesinyithi malunga neminyaka engama-20 kufuneka itshintshwe, kunye nendima yokulungiswa kakuhle kwemibhobho ye-PVC, ubomi benkonzo bexesha elide leminyaka engama-50.Ke ngoko, umbhobho wePVC yimveliso yeplastiki elungileyo enexabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokumalunga nogutyulo, amanzi amdaka kunye nemibhobho yokungenisa umoya, imibhobho ye-PVC igcina malunga ne-16-37% yofakelo kunye neendleko zomsebenzi kunemibhobho yentsimbi.Iindleko zokwenza ityhubhu ye-conductor yi-30-33% ngaphantsi kokusebenzisa i-sleeve conductor metal.Isenzo sombhobho we-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) eneklorini kumanzi abandayo nashushu, xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kombhobho wobhedu okwixabiso elifanayo lolondolozo lwe-23-44%.Ngoko ke, ngenxa yeenzuzo zombhobho wePVC, amazwe aphuhlisa ngenkuthalo kwaye akhuthaze umbhobho wePVC.

2. Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho wePVC

Ukususela kwixesha le-80, ilizwe lethu liye lazisa iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zomgca wemveliso we-PVC we-pipe extrusion wewaka.Okwangoku, ilizwe lethu i-UPVC (i-PVC enzima) umbhobho kunye nezityalo zokufakelwa kombhobho zingaphezulu kwe-600, umthamo wemveliso we-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka ngaphezulu, kukho abavelisi abangaphezu kwama-30 kunye nomlinganiselo wemveliso yeetoni ezili-10,000 / ngonyaka, kukho. ngaphezu kwe-60 abavelisi kunye nomlinganiselo we-0.5-10,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka, izixhobo zemveliso zombhobho we-UPVC kunye nokufakelwa kombhobho ngokusisiseko kuveliswa ekhaya.

KWILIZWE LETHU, PVC PIPE UPHUHLISO kwangethuba kunombhobho PE kunye PP PIPE, kukho iintlobo ezininzi, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi, ehlala kwindawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike.Ekupheleni kuka-1999, bekukho ngaphezu kwe-2000 imigca yokuvelisa imibhobho yeplastiki e-China, apho izixhobo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibalelwa malunga ne-15%.Umthamo wokuvelisa imibhobho yeplastiki eyahlukeneyo kwilizwe lethu kwi-1999 yayingaphezu kwe-1.65 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, imveliso yangempela malunga neetoni ze-1,000,000, apho imibhobho ye-UPVC ibala ngaphezu kwe-50%.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, isicelo semakethi yePVC kwihlabathi, imakethi yezinto zokwakha yeyona inkulu, kunye nesantya esikhula ngokukhawuleza.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso zezixhobo zokwakha zaseMelika zibalelwa kwi-60% yeemveliso zayo zizonke, i-62% eNtshona Yurophu, i-50% eJapan, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-30% kwilizwe lethu, kunye negumbi elikhulu lokunyuka.Kwiimveliso zemathiriyeli yokwakha, kwaye ubukhulu becala kwimibhobho kunye neprofayili, kubandakanywa ukwakha nasezantsi umbhobho wamanzi, umbhobho wokunkcenkceshela wezolimo, umbhobho wegesi, umbhobho we-oyile ekrwada njalo njalo.

Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho we-UPVC kwilizwe lethu kuqala ukufumana uphuhliso olukhawulezayo ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu yesithoba, esixhamla kakhulu kwinkxaso eyomeleleyo karhulumente kunye nokuqonda koluntu malunga nemathiriyeli yemibhobho ye-UPVC.

Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwetyhubhu yeplastiki kwilizwe lethu kuphuhliswe kakhulu kungekuphela nje ngobuninzi kodwa nakwiindidi kunye neenkcukacha.Ngokomzekelo, umbhobho we-UPVC ufikelele ngaphezu kwe-90% ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi kwezinye izixeko, kwaye uninzi lwamashishini emibhobho ye-UPVC aneenzuzo ezintle kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva.

Ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu, ukukhuthazwa nokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yeplastiki yayiyimibhobho yeplastiki ye-UPVC kunye ne-PE, kunye neminye imibhobho yeplastiki emitsha yaphuhliswa ngamandla.Ngo-2005, kulwakhiwo olutsha, ulwakhiwo ngokutsha kunye neeprojekthi zokwandisa kwilizwe lonke, i-50% yemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi yolwakhiwo iya kusebenzisa imibhobho yeplastiki, i-20% yemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi yasezidolophini iya kusebenzisa imibhobho yeplastiki, i-60% yobonelelo lwamanzi okwakha, unikezelo lwamanzi ashushu kunye nemibhobho yokufudumeza iya kusetyenziswa. yamkele imibhobho yeplastiki, i-50% yemibhobho yonikezelo lwamanzi ezidolophini (i-Dn400 okanye ngaphantsi) iya kwamkela imibhobho yeplastiki, i-60% yemibhobho yonikezelo lwamanzi yelali iya kwamkela imibhobho yeplastiki, umbhobho werhasi yasezidolophini (umbhobho ophakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi) 50% usebenzise umbhobho weplastiki, ulwakhiwo umkhono wokuthunga i-80% usebenzisa umbhobho weplastiki.Kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yeepayipi zeplastiki kwi-2005 iya kuba ngaphezu kweetoni zezigidi ezi-2, uninzi lwazo ziyimibhobho ye-PVC.

Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ukusetyenziswa kombhobho wePVC ngokuqhelekileyo kubalelwa kwi-70-80% yemarike yombhobho weplastiki, kodwa umbhobho wePVC waseTshayina ubala kuphela malunga ne-50% yexabiso lilonke lombhobho weplastiki, amandla ophuhliso lombhobho wePVC kwilizwe lethu. enkulu kakhulu.Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ye-PVC kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-akhawunti yonikezelo lwamanzi i-33%, i-akhawunti yombhobho wogutyulo i-22.3%, i-akhawunti yombhobho we-15.7%, i-akhawunti yombhobho wokunkcenkceshela i-5.2%, i-akhawunti ye-gas pipe i-0.8%, enye umbhobho ubalelwa kuma-22.7%.Phakathi kwabo, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombhobho kunye nombhobho malunga ne-1: 8.

Kwimarike yokwakha, kukho iindidi ezimbini zepayipi yePVC esetyenzisiweyo: enye ingumbhobho onganyangekiyo, kwaye enye ingumbhobho ongenaxinzelelo.Umbhobho wentsimbi kunye nombhobho wobhedu owawusetyenziswa ngaphambili njengezixhobo zokwakha ezikwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo, hayi umhlwa ombi nje kuphela, kodwa ufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa, ixabiso eliphezulu.Izakhiwo zangaphandle ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi imibhobho yamanzi yoxinzelelo, umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi ashushu ikakhulu usebenzisa umbhobho wePVC.Umbhobho omncinci we-PVC (umbhobho we-UPVC, umbhobho we-CPVC) uneenzuzo zeendleko eziphantsi, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kwaye awufuni ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa.Kwaye ubukhulu becala umbhobho woxinzelelo lwe-PVC (ububanzi kwi-100-900mm) endaweni yombhobho wentsimbi, ukwandisa umbhobho omncinci wodaka, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi inobumanzi obuhle, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ubunzima obuphantsi.Ukonga umbane, umgangatho olungileyo wamanzi.Umbhobho ongundoqo we-PVC we-foam non-pressure umbhobho wogutyulo lwangaphakathi kunye nombhobho wenkqubo yamanzi emvula, unokusombulula ingxaki yengxolo yombhobho wogutyulo lwangaphakathi.Umbhobho wobunjineli bobunjineli bobunjineli bamkela umbhobho wePVC ongenaxinzelelo, ukuxhathisa ukubola, hayi ngokukhukuliseka kwe-hydrogen sulfide, ubomi benkonzo ende, ubunzima obulula, ixabiso eliphantsi lofakelo, kulula ukudibanisa kunye nokutywinwa, akukho lula ukwaphula.

Ukongeza, umbhobho wocingo wokwakha kunye nombhobho wentambo engaphantsi komhlaba yenye imarike yombhobho wePVC, iintlobo zasekhaya zangoku zingumbhobho wokwandisa ngokuthe tye, umbhobho wodonga oluphindwe kabini kunye nemibhobho yodonga olulodwa.

Umbhobho wezolimo yenye indawo ebanzi yesicelo sePVC.Ilizwe lethu lelelizwe eliswele imithombo yamanzi, okwangoku, uninzi lweefama kwilizwe lethu zisasebenzisa unkcenkceshelo lomhlaba, kwaye ukuchithwa kwamanzi kubi kakhulu.Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi, umhlaba omninzi olimekayo awunkcenkceshelwa kakuhle kwaye nezivuno zezityalo ziphantsi.Kwaye kunye nokunkcenkceshela kombhobho wePVC, kunokonga malunga ne-50% yamanzi.Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ye-PVC esisigxina okanye emiselweyo, ingagcini nje kuphela amanzi, kodwa iphucula isivuno, i-corrosion yezixhobo kunye nezinye iingenelo, igcina kakhulu iindleko zokunkcenkceshela kunye nezibonelelo zokutshiza.Okwangoku, akukho kwisiphaluka esipheleleyo sokunkcenkceshela umbhobho oqinileyo kwilizwe lethu, iindawo ezininzi zelizwe zisanqongophala ukuqonda okusisiseko kokunkcenkceshela umbhobho, ngoko ke, ukwandisa ukupapashwa kunye nokukhuthaza ukunkcenkceshela umbhobho wePVC kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, amandla ayo makhulu kakhulu. .

3. Eminye imibhobho yePVC esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eTshayina

I-tube ye-UPVC: Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-tube ye-UPVC yimboni yokwakha.Okwangoku, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yamanzi epompo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi yokuhlala kuwo onke amaphondo kunye nezixeko kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokwakha njengemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi, imibhobho yemvula kunye nemibhobho yokuthunga.ityhubhu ye-UPVC inokumelana nokubola kweekhemikhali, ukuzicima kunye nokunqanda ilangatye, ukumelana nokulungiswa kakuhle, udonga lwangaphakathi olugudileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kombane, kodwa ukuqina kwetyhubhu ye-UPVC iphantsi, i-coefficient yokwandisa i-linear inkulu, iqondo lokushisa elincinci.Xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho wentsimbi, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho we-UPVC kunokonga i-55-68% yamandla, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho owenziwe ngamazi, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi we-UPVC kunokonga i-62-75% yamandla, kunye nexabiso ngalinye. ubude beyunithi yenkcazo efanayo sisiqingatha kuphela sombhobho we-galvanized, kunye neendleko zofakelo zingaphantsi kwama-70% kunombhobho wegalvanized.Ukusebenzisa itoni enye yombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi we-UPVC unokutshintsha iitoni ezili-12 zombhobho wentsimbi.Itoni enye yemivumbo ye-UPVC inokonga iitoni ezingama-25 zentsimbi.

Ityhubhu ye-foam engundoqo: Ityhubhu yomaleko engundoqo luhlobo olutsha lwetyhubhu enamaleko angaphakathi nangaphandle aveliswa yinkqubo ye-co-extrusion enemigangatho emithathu, efana netyhubhu ye-UPVC eqhelekileyo.Embindini kukho umaleko we-foam ophantsi kunye noxinzelelo olunxulumene ne-0.7-0.9.Ubulukhuni bayo be-annular buphindwe ka-8 kwityhubhu ye-UPVC eqhelekileyo, kwaye inozinzo oluhle kunye nokufudumala kobushushu xa ubushushu buguquka.Ifaneleke ngakumbi inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi esakhiwo esiphakamileyo.

Xa kuthelekiswa netyhubhu eludongeni oluluqilima, ityhubhu engundoqo ye-foam inokugcina ngaphezulu kwe-25% yezinto ezikrwada, kwaye isakhono sokucinezela eludongeni sangaphakathi siphuculwe kakhulu.Kudonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu engundoqo ye-foam silencer enenani lemigca ye-convex ye-helical, amanzi ecaleni kodonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu ekhululekileyo eqhubekayo yokujikeleza, eyenza ikholamu yomoya embindini wombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi, ukuze uxinzelelo lungene. umbhobho uncitshiswe nge-10%, umthamo jikelele unyuswe ngamaxesha angama-10, ukufuduka kwandiswe ngamaxesha angama-6, ingxolo yi-30-40db ephantsi kunombhobho oqhelekileyo we-UPVC wokukhupha.

Umbhobho wombhobho wePVC omeleziweyo: Ukuveliswa kwalo mbhobho usebenzisa isixhobo sokungunda esikhethekileyo kunye nokubumba isixhobo sokulandelela, luhlobo lwedayamitha enzima eyomeleziweyo yombhobho weglasi weglasi.Ibonakaliswe ngokuqiniswa kwe-radial eludongeni lwangaphandle lombhobho, olunokuphucula kakhulu ukuqina kunye namandla oxinzelelo lwendandatho yombhobho.Ilungele ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kubunjineli bakamasipala.

Imivumbo enamadonga aphindwe kabini: imivumbo enedonga eliphindwe kabini yenziwa ngokukhupha iityhubhu ezimbini zeconcentric ngaxeshanye ize idityaniswe kwityhubhu yobhedu enodonga olugudileyo lwangaphakathi.Ngodonga lwangaphakathi olugudileyo kunye nodonga lwangaphandle olugudileyo, ubunzima obulula kunye namandla aphezulu, xa kuthelekiswa netyhubhu ye-UPVC eqhelekileyo inokugcina i-40-60% yezinto ezikrwada, ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu umbhobho wentambo yonxibelelwano, umbhobho wokukhupha wokwakha kunye nombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi.

Ixesha le-PVC-ngokusebenzisa umbhobho owomeleziweyo: ngamacandelo amabini angaphakathi nangaphandle eplastiki yokubumba i-extrusion, i-sandwiched kunye ne-synthetic fiber, ukuguquguquka okulungileyo, kunokugoba.Umbhobho ocacileyo wePVC unokumelana neasidi elungileyo, ukuxhathisa kwealkali, ukuxhathisa kweoli, ukuxhathisa ukwaluphala, unokutshintsha umbhobho werabha, kwaye ixabiso lincinci.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinitrogen, ioksijini, ikharbon monoxide kunye nezinye iigesi kunye namanzi, i-alkali encibilikayo, ioyile kunye nolunye ulwelo lokuthuthwa, ikwanokusetyenziswa njengesifudumezi samanzi, isitshizi, umjelo wokuphekela igesi.

Umbhobho we-CPVC: Umbhobho we-CPVC luhlobo lombhobho weplastiki onokuxhathisa ubushushu obuhle, ocutshungulwa yi-chlorine ye-polyvinyl chloride engaphezulu kwe-66% ye-chlorine.Ubushushu bokumelana nobushushu bombhobho we-CPVC bungaphezulu kwe-30 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-UPVC yombhobho, kwaye ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kuphuculwe, kwaye i-coefficient yokwandiswa komgca iyancitshiswa.ityhubhu ye-CPVC inokumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokwaluphala, ukuxhathisa ukubola kweekhemikhali, akukho deformation emanzini abilayo, ingasetyenziselwa amanzi ashushu, ulwelo oluxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwegesi.