Ushishino lwe-ethylene e-China luye lwangena ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elivuthiweyo, i-derivatives ephantsi kakhulu i-PE, i-ethylene oxide (EO), i-EG, i-SM, i-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC) kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ngo-2020, iindidi ezintlanu zeemveliso zibalelwa malunga ne-97.2% yokusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene iyonke.Phakathi kwabo, icandelo elikhulu lokusetyenziswa kwe-PE, libalelwa kwi-63.5 yeepesenti yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo.Oku kwalandelwa yi-EO kunye ne-EG, eyabalelwa kwi-10.3% kunye ne-9.0% ngokulandelanayo (jonga uMzobo 2).
1 |Umkhwa wokuphuhlisa i-PE: ukhuphiswano lwe-homogeneity lubukhali, ulwahlulo, uphuhliso oluphezulu
Iimveliso eziphambili ze-PE ziyi-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), i-polyethylene ephantsi (LDPE), i-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE) iindidi ezintathu.I-PE ineenzuzo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye neempawu ezintle zeekhemikhali, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo, ishishini kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.Ukususela kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2021, amandla okuvelisa i-PE yasekhaya aqhubekile ukwandisa, kunye nezinga lokukhula eliphakathi kwe-12%, kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ye-27.73 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka kwi-2021.
Okwangoku, iimveliso ze-PE e-China zixhomekeke kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziphantsi, kwaye iimveliso ze-PE eziphezulu zixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezicacileyo zesakhiwo, ezizezi i-surplus yeemveliso eziphantsi kunye nokungabikho kweemveliso eziphezulu.Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo wemveliso ye-PE yasekhaya, ukhuphiswano olulinganayo luya kuba lukhuni ngakumbi, kwaye ukutshintshwa kweemveliso eziphezulu zasekhaya kukhulu.Ukuthatha iimveliso ze-metallocene polyethylene (mPE) njengomzekelo, okwangoku imfuno yemarike yasekhaya imalunga ne-1 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka, kwaye imveliso yaseChina ngo-2020 imalunga neetoni ezili-110,000 kuphela.Umsantsa omkhulu wonikezelo uvuselela inani elikhulu leemveliso ze-MPE ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ukuba zingene kwimarike yaseTshayina.Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-PE iphuhlise kwicala eliphezulu kunye nokwahlulahlula.
2 |Umzila wophuhliso lwe-EO wokudibanisa kunye ne-EO / EG yokutshintsha okuguquguqukayo
I-EO isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye-EG, kwaye uninzi lwamashishini amkela isixhobo se-EO / EG sokuvelisa ngokubambisana.Ukongeza, i-EO inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwi-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi, i-polyether, i-disinfection kunye neendawo zokuvala inzala.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nokunciphisa kancinci kweenzuzo zemarike ye-EG, ezininzi iiyunithi zokuvelisa i-EO / EG zaqala ukutshintshela kwimveliso ye-EO, kwaye zithathela ingqalelo imveliso eguquguqukayo yazo zombini, ukuze kuphuculwe inzuzo yezoqoqosho.Umthamo wokuvelisa i-EO uye wanda kakhulu, kodwa ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezisezantsi kuye kwangena kwixesha le-bottleneck, kwaye i-phenomenon of uniformity and homogeneity ibonakala.Iimveliso eziphambili, ezifana ne-polycarboxylic acid yokunciphisa amanzi i-monomer, i-surfactant kunye ne-ethanolamine, ziye zajongana nemeko yobuninzi, ukhuphiswano lweshishini lubukhali, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liyancitshiswa.Kule nto, ngokudityaniswa kwemodeli yophuhliso oluphezulu kunye nolusezantsi, luya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ekuphuculeni ukhuphiswano oluphambili lwamashishini, njenge-ethylene, i-EO, i-EG, ukwakha i-polyether monomer (njenge-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, i-allyl polyoxyethylene ether, i-methyl i-alyl polyoxyethylene ether), i-polyoxyethylene i-nonionic surfactants (efana ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) kunye ne-industry chain epheleleyo, Qhubeka ukwandisa ezantsi, iindidi zeemveliso ezityebileyo.
3 |EG: ukwandisa ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, imveliso yokuwela imveliso
I-EG yindawo yesibini enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene.Ukususela ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2021, kunye nokuveliswa kweeprojekthi ezininzi zeekhemikhali zamalahle kunye neeprojekthi ezihlanganisiweyo zokusulungekiswa kunye neekhemikhali, amandla okuvelisa i-EG anyuka unyaka nonyaka, kunye nomthamo wemveliso we-21.452 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka kwi-2021.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo we-EG uqhubekile nokukhula, kodwa imfuno ephantsi yomlambo iyancipha, ukugqithisa kuya kubonakala ngakumbi.Ukusuka kwimbono yokuphela kokusetyenziswa, i-EG yethu isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-polyester, ukubalwa kwesakhiwo sokusetyenziswa kwe-EG ngaphezu kwe-90%, intsimi yokusetyenziswa ayifani, kukho ikhonkco elifutshane leshishini elisezantsi, isakhiwo semveliso siyafana, ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso aphantsi. iingxaki ezinzulu.
Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka sandise ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwe-polyester resin engaxutywanga, i-oyile yokuthambisa, iplastiki, i-non-ionic surfactant, i-coating, i-inki kunye namanye amashishini ngokwandisa umxokelelwane wemizi-mveliso, utshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe imeko yokusetyenziswa okukodwa. ikhonkco lamashishini ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kwisicelo, ukuphucula ixabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso, ukuze kuncitshiswe imingcipheko yemarike.
4 |Iindlela zeSM: amandla okwandisa okubalulekileyo, uzinzo kushishino olusezantsi
Umzantsi we-SM usetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweepolymers ze-styrene kunye neepolymers ezahlukeneyo ze-ionic, ezifana ne-polystyrene evuthayo (EPS), i-polystyrene (PS), i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), i-polyester resin engaxutywanga (UPR), irabha ye-styrene. (SBR), i-styrene copolymer (SBC) kunye nezinye iimveliso.Phakathi kwabo, i-EPS, i-PS kunye ne-ABS i-akhawunti engaphezulu kwe-70% yokusetyenziswa kwe-SM e-China, kwaye iimveliso zabo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zombane, iimoto, i-real estate kunye namanye amashishini.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nokuveliswa komgangatho omkhulu osezantsi oxhasa iiyunithi ze-SM zokusulungekiswa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali e-China kunye nokunyuka kweeprojekthi zokuvelisa i-propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO / SM), umthamo wokuvelisa i-SM ubonise ukukhula okuqhubekayo. .Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2022, amandla okuvelisa i-SM abone ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2022, umthamo wemveliso uya kudlula i-20 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka.Ngokukhululwa okuqhubekayo komthamo, ipateni yobonelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nemfuno ibone utshintsho oluphawulweyo, kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwehla ngokukhawuleza kunye nexabiso elincinci lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.Njengoko umthamo omtsha wemveliso ye-SM mkhulu kune-benzene emsulwa ngo-2021, imathiriyeli ecocekileyo ye-benzene ikwimeko yokunqongophala, ethi icinezele ngakumbi ingeniso yemveliso yeSM.Ukusuka kumbono wokusetyenziswa, phakathi kweemarike ezintathu ezisezantsi, kuphela imboni ye-ABS igcina izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza, okwenza kube nzima ukugawula ukunyuswa kokunikezelwa okuziswa ngumthamo omtsha wemveliso ye-SM.Ngenxa yoko, i-SM ichaphazeleka ngokuchasana phakathi kokubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye nenkxaso yeendleko, kwaye imeko yemarike ibonisa uluhlu-oscillating trend.Kwimakethi yokugqibela, "uqoqosho lwasekhaya" olubangelwa ngubhubhani we-COVID-19 lunyuse ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo ezincinci zasekhaya.Kwangaxeshanye, imeko yobhubhane isenzima kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zothintelo lwendyikityha kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane zasekhaya zingaphaya kobekulindelekile, nto leyo eqhube ukukhula kwemfuno yekhonkco leshishini leSM kunye nokuphucula inzuzo kakhulu.
5 |Intsingiselo yophuhliso lwePVC: umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luhamba kunye
I-PVC yinto yokuqala ye-synthetic resin yezinto zokuqala kwilizwe lethu.Ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wexabiso, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeshishini kunye neyobomi bemihla ngemihla, ngokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokunxiba, i-flame retardant, ukumelana nokubola kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zokugquma umbane.Imveliso ye-PVC ubukhulu becala ineendidi ezimbini zenkqubo yokulungiselela, enye yindlela ye-calcium carbide, eyona mveliso iphambili yemathiriyeli ekrwada yi-calcium carbide, amalahle kunye netyuwa ekrwada.E-China, kunqunyulwa ngamalahle atyebileyo, i-oyile engenamafutha kunye negesi encinci, indlela ye-calcium carbide yeyona ndlela iphambili.Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, inani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi ahlambulukileyo liyasetyenziswa, kwaye kukho imiqobo efana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko.Okwesibini, inkqubo ye-ethylene, eyona nto iphambili ekrwada yipetroleum.Imarike yamazwe ngamazwe ikakhulu yinkqubo ye-ethylene, enomgangatho ogqwesileyo wemveliso, iteknoloji ephezulu, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, njl., inamandla okubuyisela inkqubo ye-calcium carbide kwixesha elizayo.
I-China ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi we-PVC, kodwa ikwangumthengi omkhulu, imarike yasekhaya ikwimeko yomthamo ogqithisileyo.Ekuphunyezweni kwangoku kweplastiki yehlabathi endaweni yentsimbi, iplastiki endaweni yesicwangciso somthi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yezimbiwa kunye neenkuni phantsi kwemvelaphi, i-PVC resin iphumelele uphuhliso olukhulu, imarike yesicelo esezantsi iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, kwiiprofayili zeplastiki, utofelo-gazi lwezonyango. iityhubhu, iingxowa zotofelo-gazi, iimoto, izinto ezinogwebu kunye nezinye iindawo zemveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu.Ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yaseTshayina yokufudukela ezidolophini kunye nokuphuculwa kweemeko zokuhlala zabahlali, ulindelo kunye neemfuno zoluntu zokukhusela indalo ziye zaphakanyiswa rhoqo.I-downstream ye-PVC industry ingene kwisigaba sokhuphiswano olunzima phakathi komgangatho kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kwaye intsimi yesicelo iye yandiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye intsingiselo yophuhliso oluhlukeneyo luyabonakala.
6 |olunye uphuhliso lwemveliso |
Ezinye iimveliso ze-ethylene ezisezantsi, ezifana ne-ethylene - i-vinyl acetate, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), i-ethylene - i-vinyl alcohol copolymer kunye ne-ethylene - i-acrylic acid copolymer, i-epdm, njl. of uzinzile ngokwentelekiso, isicelo yangoku kabukhali ukwandisa ithemba aliboni, kananjalo awukwazi ukubona ithatyathelwe indawo linani elikhulu izoyikiso.Iimveliso zasekhaya ze-polyolefin eziphezulu zikhawulelwe ngokubanzi yimiqobo yezobugcisa zangaphandle, njenge-ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, njl.) i-copolymer, iteknoloji yasekhaya ayivuthwanga, kukho indawo enkulu. kuphuhliso.Uninzi lweemveliso ezisezantsi ze-ethylene zihambelana nesikhokelo sophuhliso lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho kunye neemfuno zokuphucula ukusetyenziswa.Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kwemvelaphi ye-carbon peak kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni ye-photovoltaic ingena kwindlela yokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, imfuno ye-EVA ye-photovoltaic materials iya kwanda ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye ixabiso lemarike ye-ethylene acetate liya kuqhubeka liqhuba kwinqanaba eliphezulu. .
Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, umthamo wemveliso ye-ethylene yase-China uya kudlula i-70 yezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka, nto leyo eya kuthi ngokwesiseko ihlangabezane nemfuno yasekhaya, kwaye kunokubakho nentsalela.Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe "wolawulo oluphindwe kabini" malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ishishini lemichiza yamalahle kunye neshishini le-petrochemical liya kujongana novavanyo olunzima ngexesha le-14 leminyaka yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu, eya kubangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kwiprojekthi ye-ethylene usebenzisa i-fossil resources njengento eluhlaza. izixhobo.Kumxholo wokunyuka kwekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amashishini acetyiswa ukuba athathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukuncitshiswa kunye nokufakwa endaweni yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni xa kucwangciswa iiprojekthi ezinjalo, indawo yamandla efosili ngamandla avuselelekayo kunye nombane ococekileyo, ukuphelisa ngenkuthalo amandla okuvelisa umva kunye nokunciphisa umthamo ongaphezulu, kwaye nokukhuthaza. inguqu yemizi-mveliso kunye nophuculo.
I-ethylene kunye ne-hydrogen eveliswa yiprojekthi yokuqhekeka kwe-ethane kwi-ethylene zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo kwimarike yasekhaya, kunye nethemba elikhulu lophuhliso kunye nenzuzo enamandla.Ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, izibonelelo ze-ethane zasekhaya, nangona kunjalo, kukho imithombo enye yezinto ezibonakalayo, izibonelelo zokubonelela ezinikezelweyo, ubunzima bokuthuthwa kolwandle, njengomngcipheko "wabo", bacebisa iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye namanye amasebe oshishino ukomeleza isikhokelo socwangciso. , ishishini elidibanisa nemeko yalo yokwenyani, lenze ukubanakho kweprojekthi, linqande “ukuseta, ukuhlakazeka kwintelekelelo”.
I-ethylene ezantsi komlambo ingakumbi izinto eziphuma kwisiphelo esiphezulu, ziya kuzisa indawo enkulu yentengiso.Okufana ne-mPE, i-ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, utywala obuphezulu bekhabhoni, i-cyclic olefin polymer kunye nezinye iimveliso ziya kuba yingqwalasela yemarike.Kwixesha elizayo, iiprojekthi ezintsha ezifana nokucocwa kunye nokudityaniswa kweekhemikhali, i-CTO/MTO, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-ethane kuya kubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada eyaneleyo ye-ethylene ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweshishini le-ethylene elisezantsi ukuya kwicala elithi "ukwahlukana, ukuphela okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza".
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2022